Societas

Societas Russica Magistrorum
Linguarum Classicarum

Librarius

Novissima

Scholae

GYMNASIUM CLASSICUM PETROPOLITANUM

PROGRAM
Title: Ancient Greek
Parts: Ancient Greek; Ancient Greek and authors
Grades: 7–11

1. INTRODUCTION
This program supposes deep philological studying of Ancient Greek grammar and reading and
commenting of Greek authors in auditorium. The program has the author. During making the
program up the methodical experience of old Russian gymnasiums (beginning of 20th century)
and modern European (first of all German) was taken into account.
The program consists of the following parts:
Ancient Greek, 7th grade (96 hours)
Ancient Greek, 8th grade (96 hours)
Ancient Greek and authors, 9th grade (96 hours)
Ancient Greek and authors, 10th grade (96 hours)
Ancient Greek and authors, 11th grade (96 hours)
2. EXPLANATORY NOTE

2.1. Purposes of the subject and means of their realization

According to the conception of the classical education the course of Ancient Greek has triple aim:
– general educational (to give to students skills of historic-philological thinking, approach to language as a system;
to work out methods of the scientific interpretation of the text, ability to logical thinking and to put thoughts into correct and exact words);
universal cultural (let the students know classical works of ancient literature, making basis for conscious studying of Russian
and world literature, for understanding historical specific features of different cultures and different ages,
for developing taste and independent esthetic conclusions);
special (to teach the students Greek grammar, translating and analyzing complicated original texts of ancient authors).

2.2–3. The tasks solved during the process of studying. Brief content of the course
First 2.5 years (7th – to ¾ 9th) are given to systematic studying of elementary Greek grammar.
According to the universal principles of the classical education Greek grammar is taught analytically;
the purpose of the period is not only to prepare the students for reading original texts, but also let them know how to comprehend the items of language independently,
to conclude linguistic regularities, to compare Greek and Russian and other languages known to them.
According to very old tradition of teaching in the field of ancient languages the second part of the course (¾ 9th – 11th)
is given to stataric commenting reading of the original Ancient Greek texts (9th – Xenophontes, 10th –
Attic prose and Homer, 11th – drama and Herodotus). The program implies beginning from less complicated to the most complicated texts,
introducing to different Greek dialects and different periods of the history of Greek language,
lexical and stylistic special features of different genres, perfecting translating and syntax analyzing skills.
The main aim of the period is to form the historical-philological skills, to let students regard the text as a historic testimony and work of literature,
which demands complex commentary and interpretation.
The translation and commenting of the texts are considered to be a problem, which every time demands detailed understanding and has not necessarily the only answer.

2.4. Kinds of attestation during the course

1. Regular check-up tests on grammar, lexis, translating sentences from Russian into Greek
(7th – 9th grades weekly, then according to learning new materials).
2. Written and oral tests on reading texts (ones-twice a quarter).
3. Control translating of unknown texts with a dictionary (ones-twice a term).
4. Big written controlling test (after 10th grade).
5. Oral examinations after 8th and 9th grades (translating unknown text with dictionary and theoretical grammar question)
and after 11th grade (translating and analyzing an unknown text with dictionary and translating and analyzing a read text without dictionary).

3. LIST OF PUPILS’ SKILLS

After 7th grade pupils are able:
7.1. To know the rules of reading, to distinguish long and short vowels and diphthongs, open and closed syllables;
to imagine the system of diacritical marks in Ancient Greek, to know the main rules of standing, transferring and change of the accent.
7.2. To have elementary skills of syntactic analysis of simple and compound sentences (dependent clause Indicativus),
to translate sentences from Ancient Greek.
7.3. To decline the article, nouns and adjectives of I, II, III (stems on -r-, -n- dental, labial, velar consonants) declinations.
7.4. To have elementary knowledge about the system of voices and tenses (main, historic) in Ancient Greek.
7.5. To conjugate pure verbs of I conjugation in Praesens and Imperfectum (all the voices), Futurum and Aoristus I, II (Activum and Medium)
and make Participia and Infinitivi Praes. Act., Med. and Pass., Participia and Infinitivi Fut. and Aor. Act. and Med.
7.6. To know the peculiar features of deponent verbs.
7.7. To recognize and translate turns Accusativus cum Infinitivo and Nominativus cum Infinitivo.
7.8. To recognize and translate turn Genetivus Absolutus and use it correctly while translating from Russian into Ancient Greek.
7.9. To know the syntax of the passive construction and make it into active (and vice versa).
7.10. To distinguish conditionals: Modus Realis and Modus Irrealis.
7.11. To distinguish attributive and predicative attributes, their position in the sentence, to know clearly what Participium Coniunctum is.
7.12. To know the main functions of the cases in Ancient Greek, distinguish them and transmit into Russian correctly.
7.13. To know the declination and rules of use of personal and possessive pronouns.
7.14. To manage the lexis from 1-17 units of the textbook PROPULAIA
7. 15. To keep grammar notes and vocabulary correctly.

After 8th grade pupils are able:
8.1. To have full concept of the system of Greek declination.
8.2. To define and translate pronouns of all the types.
8.3. To make comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives, to know suppletive degrees of comparison and peculiarities of degrees’ declination.
8.4. To have an overview of Greek particles and reflect them correctly while translating.
8.5. To know Greek prepositions and their government.
8.6. To conjugate pure verbs of I conjugation in all the tenses, moods and voices, to know full paradigm of the verb eijmiv.
8.7. To know the moods Optativus and Coniunctivus, their functions in independent and compound sentences, peculiarities of use of the particle a!n.
8.8. To know Greek numerals of all the types and syntactic rules of their use.
8.9. To define functions of Participia and Infinitivi.
8.10. To distinguish Modus Realis, Irrealis, Futuralis and Potentialis and also Modus Iterativus.
8.11. To conjugate Verba Contracta and know the rules of junction.
8.12. To understand the meaning of Greek Perfectum, Plusquamperfectum and Futurum Exactum, to translate them correctly.
8.13. To analyze syntactic connections in composite sentences and to parse them.
8.14. To manage the lexis from 18-38 units of the textbook PROPULAIA
8.15. To understand mythological and historic items mentioned in the read texts.
8.16. To translate adapted text included all studied grammar material.

After 9th grade pupils are able:
9.1. To conjugate verbs with stems on occlusive and liquid in all the tenses.
9.2. To make verbal adjectives, know the peculiarities of their use and translation.
9.3. To conjugate verbs of II conjugation and Verba Anomalia in all the tenses.
9.4. To know the peculiarities of reduplication and augment.
9.5. To know the words with root Aoristus and conjugate them.
9.6. To have systematic knowledge about functions of Greek cases, compare them with Russian and Latin ones,
understand the mechanism of development of cases’ meanings.
9.7. To know 6 main forms of the verb of the most frequently used verbs from 8 classes.
9.8. To remember the government of the most frequently used verbs.
9.9. To understand the system of Greek dependent clauses.
9.10. To expound the studied material independently.
9.11. To manage the lexis from 41-53 units of the textbook PROPULAIA
9.12. To understand mythological and historic items mentioned in the read texts.
9.13. To translate not complicated original Greek text (Aesop, Xenophontes) containing all the studied grammar material.
9.14. To work with “big” Greek-Russian dictionary.

After 10th grade pupils are able:
10.1. To make literary translation (with dictionary) of original Greek prosaic text written in Attic dialect.
10.2. To make literary translation (with dictionary) of original Greek epic and elegy text.
10.3. To analyze the structure of Greek period.
10.4. To know phonetic and morphological peculiarities of Homeric dialect, find out Attic correspondences to “epic” forms.
10.5. To know main rules of Greek prosody and its terms, sight-read hexameter and elegy distich.
10.6. To understand complicated structure and main components of the epic dialect, its artificial character.
To explain the distinction between epic and Attic forms using data of historical phonetics and morphology.
10.7. To comprehend epic poetics, specific of Homeric poems as literary works and historic sources.
10.8. To understand mythological and historic items mentioned in the read texts and to analyze them.
10.9. To manage rules of syntax translating exercises from Russian into Greek.

After 11th grade pupils are able:
11.1. To make literary translation (with dictionary) of original Greek poetic text written in Attic dialect (drama).
11.2. To make literary translation (with dictionary) of original Greek prosaic text written in Ionic dialect (Homer).
11.3. To have an overview of the history of Greek language, its dialectic composition, to know main phonetic laws, evolution of the pronunciation, peculiarities of different dialects.
11.4. To know main rules of Greek word-formation, meanings of the most-used affixes; to define meanings of unknown words using word-formative analysis.
11.5. To analyze historic source; to understand the tendentiousness of the source, to work with material as a historian, to examine and check the historic source.
11.6. To sight-read iambic trimeter, trochaic tetrameter, anapaestic dimeter; to understand metrics of Greek melics and drama lyric parties.
11.7. To know the structure of Greek drama, dialectic peculiarities of its parts, its terms.
11.8. To use the skills of philological interpretation of the text, to ground or contest the interpretation of complicated item.
11.9. To understand history and critics of the text, to read critical apparatus.
11.10. To compare grammar facts of Greek, Latin and other studied languages.

4. CURRICULUM

Grade	Hours per week	Hours per year	Weeks in quarter	Material
7	3	96	8	I quarter 1. Alphabet. Rules of reading. Rules of accent. 2. О-declination (II) (m.). Conjugation of verbs in Praes. Ind., Imper., Inf. Act. Simple sentence. 3. О- declination (II) (n., f.). Conjugation of verbs in Praes. Ind., Imper., Inf. Med.-Pass.
			7	II quarter 4. А- declination (I). Conjugation of verbs in Imperf. Ind. Act. and Med.-Pass. Part. Praes. Med.-Pass.
			10	III quarter 5. Conjugation of verbs with vowel-stem on Fut. Ind. Act. and Med. Personal and possessive pronouns. 6. Conjugation of verbs with vowel-stem on Aor. I–II Ind., Imper., Inf. Act. and Med.
			7	IV quarter 7. III declination. Stems on -n and -r. 8. III declination. Stems on consonants. 9. Repetition.
8	3	96	8	I quarter 1. III declination: stems on –nt-. Part. Praes., Aor. (I, II), Fut. Act. 2. III declination: stems on vowels and diphthongs. Aor. and Fut. Pass.
			7	II quarter 3. III declination: stems on –s-; peculiarities. Additional Participia (with lanqavnw and others). 4. Coni. Praes. and Aor. (II).
			10	III quarter 5. Coni. Aor. (I). Modus Futuralis. 6. Contract declination (I, II). Repetition of the degrees of congruence. 7. Optativus Praes. and Aor. (I, II). 8. Verba Contracta. 9. Conjugation of the verb eijmiv. Coni., Opt. Aor. and Fut. Pass.
			7	IV quarter 10. Correlative pronounces. 11. Numerals. Dualis. 12. Perf., Plqpf., Fut. Exact. Act. and Med.-Pass. of pure verbs. 13. Repetition and training for the exam.
9	3	96	8	I quarter 1. Verbs with stems on occlusive. 2. Verbs with stems on liquid; verbs on -ivzw
			7	II quarter 3. Verbs of II conjugation. divdwmi, tivqhmi, i@hmi, oi^da.
			10	III quarter 4. Verbs II conjugation: i@sthmi. 5. Root Aoristus. 6. Other verbs of II conjugation. Verba anomalia: ei^mi, fhmiv. At the same time: reading of Xenophontes (15 paragraphs).
			7	IV quarter 7. Reading of Xenophontes (30 paragraphs). Grammar (at the same time): main forms of the verbs. Realities (at the same time): biography and works of Xenophontes. Ideology of Xenophontes. Athens and Sparta in the beginning of IV BC. Greek and Persian army. Ancient pedagogic theories. 8. Repetition and training for the exam.
10	3	96	8	I quarter Attic prose (30 paragraphs). Grammar (at the same time): syntax of the Infinitive and Participle, syntax of composite sentence.
			7	II quarter Attic prose (25 paragraphs). Grammar (at the same time): syntax of cases. Stylistics (at the same time): structure of the period. Schemas and figures of thought.
			10	III quarter Homer (200 verses). Grammar and metrics (at the same time): Ancient Greek prosody; phonetics and morphology of epic dialect. Stylistics (at the same time): expressive means of Greek epos (part 1). Realities (at the same time): History of Homeric texts in Antiquity; poems of Homer as a historic source.
			7	IV quarter Homer (150 verses). Grammar (at the same time): syntax of epic dialect. Stylistics (at the same time): expressive means of Greek epos (part 2). Realities (at the same time): Archaeologia Homerica. Repetition and training for the test.
11	3	96	8	I quarter Attic drama (200 verses). Grammar and metrics (at the same time): iambic trimeter, trochaic tetrameter, anapests; lyric meters (briefly). Doric features of lyric parties. Dictio tragica. Realities (at the same time): structure of Attic drama. Scenic antiquities.
			7	II quarter Attic drama (200 verses). Grammar (at the same time): syntax of Attic drama. Greek particles. Realities (at the same time): problems and artistic peculiarities of Greek drama.
			10	III quarter Herodotus (20 paragraphs). Grammar (at the same time): phonetics and morphology of “New Ionic” dialect. Greek word-formation. Realities (at the same time): Herodotus’ biography, sources, aims and methods of his work. Greek-Persian wars.
			7	IV quarter Herodotus (10 paragraphs). Grammar (at the same time): repetition. Realities (at the same time): historical background for Herodotus’ work. Training for the exam (repetition of the item “Drama”).

9th grade: 7-8 lines for home-task. Exam: text of 5-6 lines.
10th grade: 9-10 lines for home-task (prose); 12-14 verses (Homer). Test: 150 read verses, 10 unread, grammar tasks.
11th grade: 15 verses for home-task (drama); 10 lines (Herodotus). Exam: 150 read verses, text of 5-6 lines (Herodotus).

Texts recommended for reading:

9th grade:
1. “Анабасис”: I книга (предыстория войны; отношения между Киром и наемниками; раздоры среди наемников; измена Оронта; битва при Кунаксе);
IV книга (греческий отряд в виду Черного моря: 7, 21–8, 26).
2. “Киропедия”: I книга (вступление; воспитание у персов; детство Кира); IV книга (война с ассирийцами); VI–VII книги: история Панфеи (VI, 1, 31 слл.; 4; VII, 3).
3. “Воспоминания о Сократе”: II, 1 (диалог с Аристиппом и аллегория Продика о Геракле); II, 6 (диалог с Критобулом о выборе друзей);
II, 7 (диалог с Аристархом и басня о собаке); III, 5 (диалог с Периклом-младшим об афинянах).

10th grade:
1. Лисий: речь об убийстве Эратосфена (1); речь об уничтожении священной оливы (7); апология инвалида (24).
2. Антифонт (в сильных группах): 3-я тетралогия; речь об убийстве Герода (в отрывках).
3. Платон: “Апология Сократа” (в отрывках); “Критон”; “Ион” (в сильных группах).
4. Феофраст: “Характеры” (2, 6, 16, 21, 25, 28; один или два “характера” в дополнение к чтению других авторов).
5. Дион Хризостом: “Эвбейская речь” (в отрывках); “Троянская речь” (в отрывках);
6. Лукиан: “Диалоги богов”, “Диалоги в царстве мертвых” (в слабых группах); “Любитель лжи” (в отрывках); “Правдивая история” (в отрывках); “О янтаре, или О лебедях”.
7. Плутарх (в сильных группах): связные отрывки из биографий Тесея, Ликурга, Аристида, Алкивиада; трактаты “О любопытстве”, “О суеверии”, “О сребролюбии”.

To learn 3-4 elegies by heart:
Archil. fr. 5; 122; 128 West;
Tyrt. fr. 6 West (без заучивания наизусть);
Sol. fr. 23 West (то же);
Mimn. fr. 7 West;
Theogn. 133–142; 237–254; 271–278; 719–728;
Xenophan. fr. 1 West (в сопоставлении с пушкинским переводом);
Alcman. fr. 89 Page (в сопоставлении с вариациями Гете и Лермонтова);
Sapph. fr. 1; 16, 1–12; 31 (в сопоставлении с латинским переводом Катулла) Voigt; кельнский фрагмент (см. ZPE 151 [2005] 3–6);
Alc. fr. 34; 58; 326 Voigt;
Simonid. fr. 38 Page.
Homer:
1. “Илиада”: песни 1, 3, 6, 9, 22 или 24.
2. “Одиссея”: песни 1, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 или 21.

11th grade:
1. Софокл: “Аякс”, “Антигона”, “Электра”, “Филоктет”, “Эдип-царь”.
2. Еврипид: “Алкестида”, “Медея”, “Ипполит”, “Ифигения в Тавриде”, “Ион”, “Ифигения в Авлиде”.
3. Аристофан: “Ахарняне”, “Всадники”, “Осы”, “Облака”, “Лягушки”.
4. Менандр: “Брюзга”.

Herodotus:
I книга: 1–5 (вступление; причины войн между Европой и Азией); 23–24 (Арион); 26–45 (Крез); 65–71 (Крез и эллины); 84–91 (взятие Сард Киром); 107–130; 141 (воцарение Кира); 131–140 (обычаи персов); 178–200 (поход Кира на ассирийцев; обычаи вавилонян);
II книга: 2–3 (языковой эксперимент Псамметиха); 35–85 (нравы и обычаи египтян; египетская религия; животный мир Египта); 112–120 (Елена и Менелай в Египте); 121–122 (новелла о Рампсините и похищении сокровищ); 122–133 (Микерин);
III книга: 17–26 (поход Камбиза на эфиопов); 27–38 (Камбиз); 39–43 (Поликратов перстень); 139–149 (самосская экспедиция Дария); 150–160 (Зопир).
IV книга: 1–36; 60–70 (экскурс о скифах); 42–45 (история географических открытий); 76–78 (новелла об Анахарсисе); 145–159 (Батт и колонизация Кирены);
V книга: 30–38; 49–51; 97–126 (Милетское восстание); 63–76 (падение Псистратидов);
VI книга: 43–44; 94–117; 120 (поход Дария на Элладу и Марафонская битва); 52–60 (государственное устройство и обычаи спартанцев); 121–131 (возвышение Алкмеонидов; новелла о сватовстве к Агаристе);
VII книга: 8–18 (совет персов перед походом на Элладу; новелла об Артабане); 44–53 (смотр персидских войск в Абидосе); 101–105 (беседа Ксеркса и Демарата); 131–147 (эллины готовятся к войне); 201–232 (Фермопильская битва);
VIII книга: 71–99 (Саламинская битва); 133–144 (переговоры Мардония с афинянами и новелла о Пердикке).

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE TRAINING AIDS

Basic textbook for 7th – 9th grades is PROPULAIA. Хрестоматия по древнегреческому языку / Пер. с нем. В. П. Казанскене. СПб.: Санкт-Петербургская классическая гимназия, 1993.

Basic grammar manual: Штеле М. Грамматика древнегреческого языка / Пер. с нем. В. П. Казанскене. СПб.: Санкт-Петербургская классическая гимназия, 1994.

The following dictionaries: 1. Майер Т., Штайнталь Г. Древнегреческо-русский учебный словарь / Рус. версия А. К. Гаврилова. СПб., 1997;
2. Вейсман А. Д. Греческо-русский словарь. 5-е изд. СПб., 1899 (репринт – М., 1991 и др.).

During reading original texts the following commented editions:
1. Ксенофонт. Анабасис. Кн. I–II / Объяснил Л. Георгиевский. Царское Село, 1890.
2. Ксенофонт. Воспоминания о Сократе / Объяснил И. Ф. Анненский. 3-е изд. СПб., 1909.
3. Xenophon. The First Book of Anabasis / Ed. for the Use of Schools by A. S. Walpole. London, 1882 (repr. – 1960).
4. Lysiae Orationes XVI / By E. S. Shuckburgh. London, 1882 (repr. – 1939).
5. Plato. Apology of Socrates and Crito / Ed. by L. Dyer, rev. by Th. D. Seymour. NY, 1988.
6. Kennedy E. C. Four Greek Authors. London, 1968 (21-я песнь “Одиссеи”; Антифонт, “Об убийстве Герода”; Еврипид, большие отрывки из “Иона”).
7. U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff. Griechische Lesebuch: Text und Kommentar. 10. Aufl. Berlin, 1924 (в т. ч. отрывки из “Правдивой истории” Лукиана и Эвбейской речи Диона).
8. Гомер. Илиада. Песнь I / Объяснил С. Манштейн. 4-е изд. СПб., 1914.
9. Гомер. Илиада. Песнь III / Объяснил С. Цыбульский. СПб., 1893.
10. Гомер. Илиада. Песни IX и X / Объяснил С. Радецкий. М., 1896.
11. Гомер. Илиада. Песнь XXIV / Объяснил А. Я. Тихов. СПб., 1899.
12. Homers Ilias / Erkl. von C. F. Ameis und C. Hentze. 7. Aufl., bearb. von P. Cauer. Bd. 1–8. Leipzig; Berlin, 1913.
13. The Ilias of Homer / Ed. <...> by W. Leaf, M. A. Bayfield. Vol. 1–2. London, 1895 (repr. – 1962).
14. Гомер. Одиссея / Объяснил С. Радецкий. Песнь I. 4-е изд. СПб., 1913; Песни IX–X. М., 1895; Песни XI–XII. М., 1898.
15. Гомер. Одиссея / Объяснил Н. Счастливцев. Песнь VI. СПб., 1893; Песнь IX. 3-е изд. СПб., 1902.
16. Homers Odyssee / Erkl. von C. F. Ameis und C. Hentze. 13. Aufl., bearb. von P. Cauer. Bd. 1–4. Leipzig; Berlin, 1920.
17. The Odyssey of Homer / Ed. <...> by W. B. Stanford. 2nd ed. Vol. 1–2. London, 1959.
18. Еврипид. Ипполит / Греч. текст с рус. прим. сост. А. Д. Вейсман. СПб., 1884.
19. Софокл. Царь Эдип / Объяснил Ф. Ф. Зелинский. 2-е изд. Царское Село, 1896.
20. Софокл. Электра / Сост. И. М. Иванов. 2-е изд. СПб., 1895.
21. Софокл. Филоктет / Греч. текст с рус. прим. сост. А. Д. Вейсман. СПб., 1888.
22. Sophokles / Erkl. von F. W. Schneidewin. 6. Aufl., besorgt von A. Nauck. Bd. I–VII. Berlin, 1875.
23. Геродот. Скифия и поход Дария на скифов (IV, 1–144) / Объяснил Г. О. фон Газе. 4-е изд. Пг., 1914.
24. Геродот. Греко-персидские войны / Объяснил Г. О. фон Газе. 4-е изд. Пг., 1914.
25. Herodotos VI / Ed. by E. S. Shuckburgh. Cambridge, 1889 (repr. – 1965).

Additional literature:
1. Соболевский С. И. Древнегреческий язык. 2-е изд., репр. СПб., 1999.
2. Шантрен П. Историческая морфология греческого языка / Пер. и ред. Я. М. Боровского. 2-е изд., репр. М., 2001.
3. Снелль Б. Греческая метрика / Предисл. А. И. Зайцева, пер. с нем. Д. Торшилова. М., 1999.
4. Smyth H. W. Greek Grammar / Rev. by G. M. Messing. Cambridge (Mass.), 1968.
5. Goodwin W. W. Greek Grammar / Rev. by Ch. B. Gulick. Boston, s. a.

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